What is Genu Varum?
Genu varum is a deformity characterized by an inward curvature of the knees that is more pronounced than normal. It is commonly known as bow-leggedness. When a person stands with their feet together, their knees do not touch, leaving a gap between them.
Genu varum is most often seen in children aged 2-5 years. Over time, the knees should return to normal alignment, but in some bone diseases (such as rickets), the knees do not straighten. It can cause difficulties in running, walking, and other activities requiring movement.
Causes of Genu Varum
Genu varum can arise from various causes, including:
- Rickets
- Foot posture disorders
- Hormonal disorders
- Osteochondrodysplasia
- Abnormalities in supportive structures of the legs and knees
- Obesity
- Muscle weakness
- Malnutrition
- Hip dysplasia
Symptoms of Genu Varum
- Legs form an "X" shape despite being together
- Knees remain apart
- Difficulty walking
- Knee pain
- Shortened legs
- Fatigue
- Imbalance
- Wear or tear in the knees
Diagnosis Criteria for Genu Varum
Early diagnosis of genu varum is crucial. Early detection can slow progression and reduce symptoms.
- Physical examination to assess walking, leg posture, and foot structure
- Evaluation of the length and alignment of the leg bones
- Assessment of joint movement ranges
- Imaging methods like X-ray, CT, or MRI to examine bone structure
Treatment Methods for Genu Varum
Treatment for genu varum varies based on symptoms and severity. Advanced cases may require surgical intervention.
- Exercises to strengthen leg muscles and improve balance. Physical therapists create personalized exercise plans.
- Special shoes can correct leg curvature. This is effective for milder cases.
- Protective devices like braces, straps, and splints to keep knees in the correct position.
- Surgical intervention for advanced cases.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is one of the first-choice treatments for genu varum. Therapists design specific exercise plans to correct knee posture based on the severity and individual needs.
Surgery for Genu Varum
Surgery is performed for severe deformities. Methods include cutting and repositioning bones, and fixing them with screws and plates.
Surgical Methods for Genu Varum
- Cutting and repositioning bones
- Fixation with screws
- Fixation with plates
- Cutting bones
Benefits of Genu Varum Surgery
After surgery, patients can walk comfortably once they have recovered. Strengthened muscles improve quality of life. Patients with bow-legged deformity appear 2-4 cm shorter due to the curvature of their bones. After recovery, they may experience a 2-4 cm height increase.
Recovery Process for Genu Varum
- Early diagnosis and treatment can correct genu varum. Regular exercises can improve leg structure.
- Support braces can eliminate the bow-legged appearance.
- Post-surgery, physiotherapy can accelerate leg recovery.
- Adhering to prescribed exercises, such as supported walking and muscle-strengthening activities, is essential.
